Mildly sweet and rich in flavour pears offer crunchiness of apples yet juicy as peach and nectarine. This simple fruit is widely popular, especially in the whole of northern hemisphere, for its unique nutrient qualities.
Botanically it is a pome fruit produced by the tree belonging to the family of Rosaceae; genus Pyrus, which also includes apple, loquat, medlar...etc and known scientifically as Pyrus communis.
 Pears are broadly classified based upon their place of origin as Asian pears and European pears. Asian varieties feature crispy texture and firm consistency that do not change after harvesting or storage makes them ready-to-eat. Whereas, European types generally becomes soft and juicy when allowed to ripen.
In structure, pear fruit has bell or “pyriform” shape; around 5-6 inches long and weigh about 200 gm. Fresh fruit is firm in consistency with mild ‘apple’ flavour.  Externally, its skin is very thin and depending upon the cultivar type, the fruit may have green, red-orange or yellow-orange colours.  Internally, it's off white colour pulp is crunchy and juicy. However in fully matured ones, the pulp turns to grainy texture with gritty sensation while cutting with knife. Centre of the fruit is more or less similar to apple with centrally located tiny inedible seeds.

1. Some of thepopular Asian varieties are Ichiban Nashi, Shinsui, Shinsieki and Nijisseki.

2. Popular European types are Bartlett and Comice.

Health benefits

Digestion and Intestinal Health: The fleshy and fibrous pear fruit has a very important role to play in human digestion. With a single serving of pears providing 18% of the daily requirement for fibre intake, they can be a very strong agent for digestive health and function. Most of the fibre in pears is non-soluble polysaccharide (NSP), which means that it acts as a bulking agent in the intestines. It accumulates the food and adds bulk so it is easier to pass through the intestines. Furthermore, it stimulates secretion of gastric and digestive juices so food moves smoother, in a more digested state. It regulates bowel movements and reduces the chances of constipation, as well as diarrhoea and loose stool, since it adds that bulk to the bowel movements. Also, the gritty nature of pear fibre helps it bind to cancer-causing agents and free radicals in the colon and protects that organ from their damaging effects.

Low in Calories: One of the complaints that some people have about various fruits is the calorie content, mainly derived from natural sugars. However, pears are one of the lowest calorie fruits; an average pear has just over 100 calories, which is 5% of daily calorie allowance of a healthy diet. However, the nutritional supplementation it gives you is immense, and the fibre makes you feel full. Therefore, people trying to lose weight often turn to pears to get the most “bang for their buck”. It is a high-energy, high-nutrient food with a low impact on weight gain and obesity.

Antioxidant Activity: Like many other fruits, pears are a wealth of antioxidants that combat various diseases and conditions within the body. Antioxidants work to eliminate the free radicals that accumulate in the body following cellular metabolism. These free radicals mutate healthy cell DNA into cancerous cells, and can cause a number of other devastating conditions. Therefore, antioxidant components of vitamin C, vitamin A, and flavonoid compounds like beta-carotene, lutein, and zea-xanthin, all of which are found in pears, can seriously help rid the body of these dangerous compounds.

Immune System Health: Similarly, the immune system of the body is also boosted by the activities of antioxidants and vitamin-C. Vitamin C has long been known to be beneficial for the immune system, as it stimulates white blood cell production and activity. Traditionally, fruits like pears have been suggested to eliminate simply conditions like the common cold, the flu, or various other mild illnesses that a quick immune system boost could help cure.

Cancer Prevention: Antioxidants are primarily praised for their anti-carcinogenic activities, and pears have been connected to prevention of a number of different types of cancer, including colon, rectum, breast, prostate, and lungs. This is not unique to pears, but they do have a high antioxidant score, compared to many other fruits.

Potassium Content: Pears are a wonderful source of potassium, which means that pears can have a significant impact on heart health, because potassium is a well-known vasodilator. This means that it lowers blood pressure, which reduces strain to the entire cardiovascular system and makes it harder for clots to form or harm you. Furthermore, it increases blood flow to all parts of the body, which oxygenates the organs and promotes their effective function. Lowering blood pressure is also connected to a lower chance of cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes. Finally, potassium works as a fluid regulator in the body, meaning that it keeps the various parts of the body hydrated, and ensures the balance of essential fluids in the cells and organs. Without potassium, many of our most essential functions would be either slowed down or stopped altogether!

Wound Healing and Tissue Repair: Vitamin C is also an essential part of synthesizing new tissue in various organs and cellular structures of the body. This keeps the body metabolism running smoothly and ensuring that all functions operate properly. Furthermore, wound healing is sped up with high levels of ascorbic acid, so small injuries, cuts, and damage done by injuries and diseases can be fixed faster if you add high levels of this essential nutrient to your diet, which pears do provide. It also helps to repair damaged blood vessels, which reduces the strain on the cardiovascular system and prevents certain heart diseases from developing.

Improved Circulation and Red Blood Cell Count: For patients that suffer from anaemia or other mineral deficiencies, pears can be very helpful, due to its content of copper and iron. Copper facilitates and improves the uptake of minerals into the system, and increased levels of iron mean that red blood cell synthesis increases. Iron is an important part of haemoglobin and anaemia is another name for iron deficiency. You can prevent fatigue, cognitive malfunction, muscle weakness, and organ system malfunction by consuming foods high in iron and copper, both of which are found in significant amounts in pears.

Birth Defects: Folates are another of the valuable nutritional components of pears. Folic acid has been positively correlated with a reduction in neural tube defects in new-borns, so eating folate-rich fruits like pears can protect the health and happiness of your baby, so pregnant women are always encouraged to monitor their folic acid levels.

Inflammation Reduction: The antioxidant and flavonoid components of pears can also induce anti-inflammatory effects in the body and reduce the pain associated with inflammation diseases. This includes the reduction in symptoms of arthritis, rheumatic conditions, gout, and similar conditions. Most fruits have these effects, although citrus fruits are not quite as effective.

Bone Health: The high mineral content of pears, which includes magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium, and copper, means that you can reduce bone mineral loss and debilitating conditions like osteoporosis and general weakness of the body due to lack of support from the bones.

Skin, Hair, and Eyes: One of the most versatile vitamins in the human body is Vitamin A. Pears are high in vitamin A, and its subsequent components, like lutein and zea-xanthin.  They act as an antioxidant as well as participating in a number of enzymatic reactions and organ functions, pears can reduce the effects of aging on the skin, like wrinkles and age spots. This powerful fruit can also reduce hair loss, macular degeneration, cataracts, and various other conditions associated with the aging process.

A Few Words of Caution: There are no known interactions or health risks with pears, although there are always ongoing studies. However, since some people suffer from allergic reactions based on certain types of fruit, monitor your body’s behaviour and reaction if you do not normally eat pears, and only eat an appropriate amount, no more than one pear per day.